Pay attention! A review of visual attentional expertise in sport     

《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):119-138

The objective of this paper is to review current literature on visual attentional processes in the area of sport expertise. Based on recent findings in neuroscience, attention can be divided into four distinct sub-processes, all of which differ across individuals to varying extents: orienting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and sustained attention. These four sub-processes serve as a heuristic tool to categorize the presented studies. Then, a critical assessment of the merits and limitations of the discussed studies is provided. Following that, conceptual and methodological issues in the field of attention and sport will be discussed. Finally, new potential directions for further research in the field of attention processes and expertise will be presented with a link to other research topics (e.g., motivation, creativity) and disciplines (e.g., developmental psychology). The overall aim is to show that human movement science can use important insights from other branches of the discipline (e.g., social psychology) in order to test and optimize sports training programs. At the same time, though, it is hoped that the use of ecological and complex settings will, in future, enable further development of theoretical models from other disciplines, like general, or developmental psychology.  相似文献   

The dual nature of perfectionism in sports: relationships with emotion,motivation, and performance     

《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):128-145

Perfectionism is a prevalent characteristic in athletes. Yet some researchers have argued that perfectionism in sports is maladaptive because it undermines athletes’ performance and stifles athletic development. This argument, however, neglects that perfectionism is a multidimensional characteristic and that only some dimensions of perfectionism are clearly maladaptive, whereas others are not. This review argues that perfectionism is comprised of two main dimensions – perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns (Stoeber & Otto, 2006) – that show different and unique patterns of relationships with athletes’ emotions, motivation, and performance. In support of this argument the review will present findings indicating that only perfectionistic concerns show unique positive relationships with competitive anxiety, fear of failure, and avoidance goal orientations. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings show unique positive relationships with self-confidence, hope of success, approach goal orientations, and performance in training and competitions. The findings suggest that only perfectionistic concerns are clearly maladaptive, whereas perfectionistic strivings may form part of a healthy striving for excellence. Implications for applied sport psychology are discussed as are open questions for future research.  相似文献   

高校教学过程中师生合作策略选择的博弈分析     

屈红萍  杨在荣 《保山学院学报》2013,(5):10-12

利用合作博弈理论相关知识建立博弈模型,分析了教师和学生之间是能达成一致协议,取得合作的.并对模型结果的分析说明了师生合作的收益要高于不合作的收益.  相似文献   

谈国企人力资源管理的“破冰”策略     

王宏斌 《科技成果管理与研究》2010,(12):81-84

本文根据人力资源管理体系的概念，针对企业人力资源的几类基本职能，指出了国企人力资源管理的现状以及当前所面临的问题，并以此为基础，对如何破除人力资源管理的症结，提出了相应的解决对策和方法，并对如何制定符合国企的人力资源制度、具备竞争力的人力资源体系提出了较为系统的解决方案  相似文献   

‘I think I would have learnt more if they had tried to teach us more’ – performativity,learning and identities in a Swedish Transport Programme     

《Ethnography and Education》2013,8(1):77-92

This study is based on an ethnography that was carried out in the Transport Programme (TP) in a Swedish upper secondary school (in this paper referred to as Rockmeadows High). The research is part of a larger project focusing on discourses on Intelligence in Swedish upper secondary school, and how these are produced and used in different educational contexts. The title of the article quotes Emily, a hardworking and high-achieving TP student. Emily is disappointed that the academic courses much of the time operate on a rote level, and that teachers’ expectations on the students in the programme generally are quite low. The present study also indicates, in line with several studies of vocational education in Sweden, that academic courses in vocational programmes often seem to provide scarce opportunity for theoretical learning and higher order thinking. Others suggest that the vocational courses present better conditions for such learning. The present article explores learning and instruction in different subjects and the conditions that are structuring them. It discusses the possibility that performativity pressure is one of the structuring forces. ‘Performativity’ is used here to refer to the notion that individuals and systems are valued based on their measured performances in regard to standards, and identified by those standards. Thus ascribed values become ends in themselves and render the use value of knowledge subordinate to the exchange value. This means that not only knowledge but also the pedagogical interaction and relationships become commodified. This is exactly what happens when new managerialism and economic rationality are imposed on the education system, as it has been throughout the Western world in the last decades. Swedish educational policy has gone far down this road, focusing measurable outcomes, individual choice and competition on all levels as means for quality. Still, not all spheres of education are dominated by the economistic rationality, as this articles aims to demonstrate and discuss.  相似文献   

民汉大学生思想政治理论课学习动机的因素比较——基于喀什师范学院的个案分析     

孔卫英 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(1):148-150

新疆南疆高校思想政治教育由于殊的教育环境、教育对像、教育特点，在教育内容侧重点、教育方式、方法选择上凸显出特殊性，因而不断探索和创新适合南疆民汉大学生思想政治教育的方式、方法显得尤为重要。通过比较影响民汉大学生学习思想政治理论课的动机因素，为创新少数民族大学生思想政治教育方法，不断优化少数民族思想政治教育环境做出些许启示。  相似文献   

Attracting and retaining rural teachers in Ghana: the premise and promise of a district sponsorship scheme     

《师资教育杂志》2012,38(4):453-469

Recruiting and retaining qualified teachers for schools in rural communities is both an issue and a problem in many countries. The very nature of rural communities and perceptions of teaching in such environments tend to discourage qualified experienced and new teachers from taking appointments there. Education jurisdictions, therefore, use various strategies either to compel or entice candidates to accept rural teaching appointments. This paper describes a district sponsorship scheme to attract candidates for teacher training and subsequent appointment in rural schools in Ghana. The paper describes how the scheme operates and assesses its potential to attract and retain teachers, using data obtained through analysis of documents, interviews with key education officers and focus group with teachers. Though the district sponsorship scheme is not new in many education jurisdictions, it is the first of its kind in Ghana. Suggestions for improving the scheme's effectiveness are offered, drawing attention to the need to complement financial incentives with non‐monetary measures in rural teacher recruitment and retention policies.  相似文献   

二语习得中的情感因素探讨及对语言教学的启示     

郭建荣 《吉林广播电视大学学报》2011,(2):124-126

情感渗透到第二语言学习的每一个方面.本文从焦虑程度、抑制、动机、态度、性格、自尊和移情七个方面讨论了情感因素对二语习得的种种影响.同时,也探讨了情感问题对外语教学的启示.  相似文献   

影响东北秧歌健身群体锻炼动机的调查分析     

朱英伟 《辽宁体育科技》2010,32(3):23-24

通过问卷调查、访谈、数理统计和分析等方法,对影响我国东北秧歌健身群体锻炼动机的社会学因素进行调查研究,结果表明：我国已进入老龄化社会,这一人口结构的变化将对社会的政治、经济、福利、医疗保险等方面发生巨大的冲撞,其中不同性别、不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同职业、不同经济收入等社会学因素对东北秧歌健身群体的锻炼动机构成有不同的影响。  相似文献   

大学生选修散打课动因的调查分析     

马永军 《搏击·武术科学》2010,(1):50-52

文章对延安大学公共体育课2006级、2007级选修散打课的学生进行问卷调查,并对散打课老师和部分学生进行访谈。结果表明:学生对选修散打课的兴趣比较浓厚、态度积极向上、学习动机与《大学体育与健康教育》中散打课的教学目标相吻合,在此基础上,文章还提出相关建议,以期为散打课的教学改革提供有益的理论依据。  相似文献